Role of free neuromasts in larval feeding of willow shiner Gnathopogon elongatus caerulescens Teleostei, Cyprinidae

ABSTRACT:   It has been reported that the larvae of willow shiner Gnathopogon elongatus caerulescens have many free neuromasts on their body surface. This study examined the ability of the willow shiner larvae to feed on zooplankton by mechanoreception by the free neuromasts. Feeding experiments using untreated larvae and larvae treated with streptomycin, which impairs free neuromast function, were conducted under light and completely dark conditions. The larvae were put into Petri dishes, then nauplii of Artemia salina were introduced. The average number of Artemia eaten by the larvae was expressed as the average ingestion rate of Artemia /10 min. The ingestion rate of Artemia for untreated larvae was 12.3 under light conditions and 10.6 Artemia /10 min. even in complete darkness. The ingestion rate in the larvae treated with streptomycin was 11 under light conditions and only 0.8 Artemia /10 min under dark conditions. The low rate in the treated larvae under dark conditions must be due to impairment by the streptomycin. Therefore, the high ingestion rate for the untreated larvae under dark conditions would be surely dependent on mechanoreception. The results indicate that larval willow shiner is able to feed on zooplankton under limited light conditions.     

Dynamics of plasma free amino acids in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss under variety of dietary conditions

Plasma amino acid profiles in the systemic circulation of rainbow trout acclimated to diets containing different protein sources, with and without supplementation with free amino acids, were monitored for up to 120 hours after consumption of the diets. Plasma concentrations of lysine, methionine, and isoleucine increased more rapidly after feeding a diet supplemented with these amino acids in free form and, depending upon the increase in plasma concentration, remained at concentrations above those in fish fed the basal diet for at least 24h after feeding. Dietary supplementation with isoleucine increased plasma concentrations of leucine and valine as well as of isoleucine. Maximum plasma concentrations for most amino acids were attained between 12 and 24h postprandial. Dietary inclusion of gelatin caused more rapid elevations in plasma glycine and serine than did free glycine. Feeding at three hour intervals resulted in stable plasma concentrations of individual amino acids in contrast to the fluctuations occurring when fish were fed once daily. Frequent feeding favoured a higher proportion of protein to lipid in body composition.     

Total and free thyroid hormones in plasma of tropical marine teleost fish

Plasma levels of L-thyroxine (T₄) and 3,5,3-triiodo-L-thyronine (T₃) and the percentage of plasma T₄ and T₃ present in the free (dialyzable) form (%FT₄ and %FT₃) were measured in 16 species (11 families) of tropical marine teleosts from an inshore Barbados reef. Mean plasma T₄ varied from 0.2 ng/ml to 42 ng/ml; mean plasma T₃ varied from < 0.2 ng/ml to 50 ng/ml. The highest T₄ and T₃ levels were recorded in parrot-fish and the lowest levels in filefish. The %oFT₄ and %FT₃ varied from 0.05–3.41%. Estimated levels of plasma free T₄ and free T₃ levels ranged from 0.4–466 pg/ml. The extremely wide inter- and intra-species ranges in levels of free T₄ and T₃ do not support a previous suggestion, based on temperate freshwater salmonid species, that free T₄ and T₃ levels in fish may fall within a relatively range narrow comparable to that of homeothermic vertebrates.     

不同栽培基质对6种侧耳属食用菌风味成分的影响

为探究不同栽培基质对侧耳属食用菌风味成分的影响以及不同品种食用菌间的风味成分差异,本研究采用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)技术对桑枝、杂木屑和棉籽壳基质上栽培的6种侧耳属食用菌风味成分进行了分析。结果表明,18个样品中共检出47种挥发性化合物,包括13种醛类化合物、9种醇类化合物、9种酮类化合物、2种呋喃类化合物、2种酯类化合物等。18个样品中的共有成分有17种,包括正己醛、壬醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、3-辛酮、1-辛烯-3-酮、2-正戊基呋喃等。18个样品中挥发性化合物的种类和相对含量差异较大,但棉籽壳基质上栽培的6个菌株子实体中均出现了较高含量的酯类化合物。所有样品中的关键风味成分(ROAV≥1)均包括1-辛烯-3-酮和1-辛烯-3-醇,桑枝基质和杂木屑基质栽培的部分菌株中关键风味成分还包括正己醛、壬醛和2-壬烯醛等。18个样品中总5'-核苷酸含量和总游离氨基酸含量分别为7.86~43.86 mg·g^-1 DW和8.54~25.34 mg·g^-1 DW, 且杂木屑基质栽培的所有菌株中总游离氨基酸含量均高于桑枝基质和棉籽壳基质。综上所述,棉籽壳基质有利于侧耳属食用菌中酯类化合物的生成,而杂木屑基质有利于游离氨基酸的生成。本研究结果为侧耳属食用菌栽培及风味成分的开发利用提供了科学依据。     

萝卜清除DPPH自由基活性研究

[目的]研究萝卜清除DPPH自由基的活性.[方法]通过对萝卜叶水提物、水提物不同极性部位萃取物、萝卜中脂肪油类有效成分β-谷甾醇进行清除DPPH（1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼）自由基活性测试,对萝卜的抗氧化能力进行评价.[结果]以柠檬酸为对照其清除能力大小顺序为：乙酸乙酯层＞二氯甲烷层＞萝卜叶水提物＞β-谷甾醇＞石油醚层＞柠檬酸.[结论]萝卜具有较好的抗氧化能力.     

蛹虫草与黄伞复合多糖抗氧化活性研究

[目的]研究蛹虫草与黄伞复合多糖的抗氧化活性。[方法]采用超声提取法分别提取蛹虫草多糖和黄伞多糖,并将二者按不同比例复合后,在不同浓度下进行羟基自由基的清除试验。[结果]在一定的剂量配比下,蛹虫草多糖与黄伞多糖表现出很好的复合效果,清除羟基自由基的能力较单独多糖有明显的提升。其中复合比例为2∶1,浓度为16 mg/ml时清除率较蛹虫草多糖提高了79.82%,是黄伞多糖的3.6倍;通过方差分析得出,复合多糖与单独多糖之间存在显著差异(P0.05),既表现出了较好的协同作用又呈现出很好的量效关系。[结论]复合后的多糖的活性提高,表现出了较好的清除羟基自由基清除效果。     

Q型烟粉虱为害对不同辣椒品种叶绿素及营养物质的影响

为明确辣椒品种对烟粉虱的抗性机制,以不同抗性程度的辣椒为试验材料,研究了其受Q型烟粉虱危害后体内生理指标的变化。结果显示,Q型烟粉虱危害后,辣椒叶绿素和可溶性糖含量均较对照(未接虫)增加,其中抗性品种(苏椒5号、新研988椒王)叶绿素含量增加显著(P0.05);可溶性糖含量以抗性品种增幅最大(P0.05),中抗品种(萧新九号、湘辛三号)次之(P0.05),感虫品种(港上红尖椒、大禹牛角王)的增幅最小。烟粉虱危害后所有参试品种除中抗品种湘辛三号外,其余品种的可溶性蛋白含量均较对照降低;所有参试品种的游离脯氨酸含量均显著降低(P0.05),感虫品种港上红尖椒、大禹牛角王的游离脯氨酸含量均显著高于高抗及中抗品种(P0.05)。因此,辣椒品种对Q型烟粉虱的抗性强弱与叶片叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量、游离脯氨酸含量有关,而与可溶性蛋白含量无明显相关。     

水流作用下悬跨管道振动的实验研究

为了比较得到水下管道安全悬跨长度的判别条件并验证其合理性。使用弹性力一重力相似理论设计模型实验,管道两端均采用固定约束,管道与水流之间的角度分别为90°、75°、60°、45°和30°,悬跨管长分别为1．00m、0．81m、0．73rn、0．70rn。通过实验比较fn≥10fs、fn≥（0．7）-1．fs、fn=5fs（fn为悬跨管道固有频率;六为水流激振频率）3种条件对悬跨管道振动的判别情况。研究表明,根据fn=5fs,即约化速度K=1的条件,计算得到的临界长度较安全、合理,并由fn=5f条件给出了不同管径、壁厚和流速条件下管道临界长度的规律图,研究结果可为水下悬跨管道的安全评价提供借鉴。（图3,表2,参13）     

网络免费资源在科技查新中的应用

介绍了科技查新中可利用的各类网络免费资源,探讨了应用网络免费资源进行科技查新的方法及技巧。     

电解质溶液中平行双电层间的相互作用

考虑溶液中离子的大小,给出了平行带电板间的作用能表达式,并和参考文献的结果进行了比较。(1)考虑离子大小时,带电板内外表面的面电荷密度在两板间距委小时就达到一样。(2)静电自由能在两板间距离很小时提供更大的吸引作用。